SHATAXI AMICUS LEX

AN OVERVIEW OF THE AYODHYA DISPUTE The Ayodhya dispute has been one of the most complex and long-standing legal, religious, and socio-political conflicts in India. It centers around a 1,500-square-yard parcel of land in the town of Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, which is claimed by both Hindus and Muslims as a site of deep religious significance. Historical Background In  1528 , a mosque—commonly referred to as the  Babri Masjid —was constructed by Mir Baqi, a general of Mughal Emperor Babur. It is alleged that this mosque was built after demolishing a pre-existing temple marking the birthplace ( Janmasthan ) of Lord Ram, a revered deity in Hinduism. Between  1850 and 1885 , communal riots broke out between Hindus and Muslims over the site, marking the beginning of legal and religious discord. Legal Genesis of the Dispute In  January 1885 , Mahant Raghubar Das filed the first civil suit before the Sub-Judge of Faizabad, seeking permission to construct a temple on the...

Introduction India’s pollution crisis, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic plain, is among the most severe in the world. Nearly 40% of the country’s population resides in seven states and union territories—Bihar, Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. This region, characterized by a population density nearly three times higher than the rest of India, is plagued by pollution originating from vehicular emissions, agricultural practices, and residential activities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), reducing particulate matter pollution (PM) can significantly improve health outcomes. In fact, bringing PM levels down to WHO guidelines could increase the national average life expectancy in India by 4.3 years. Particulate Matter: The Most Lethal Air Pollutant Among various forms of air pollution, particulate matter is globally recognized as the most deadly. The Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) demonstrates that the impact of PM on life expectancy...